Resources for Students and Instructors

ITS PCB All Levels Workshop #1
March 27-28, 2019 | Florida Department of Transportation District 7 in Tampa, Florida

Day 1 Presentation | March 27, 2019

Connected Vehicle Pilot | Tampa

Presenter: Robert M. Frey
Presenter’s Org: Tampa Hillsborough Expressway Authority (THEA)

HTML version of the presentation
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Most of the slides in this presentation contain the Connected Vehicle Pilot Tampa logo.

Slide 1: THEA CV Pilot - Preparing for CV in Communities

Bringing Connected Vehicles to Your Town

Connected Vehicle Pilot | Tampa

Walk. Ride. Drive. Smarter

[This slide contains the Tampa Hillsborough Expressway Authority logo.]

Slide 2: What is THEA?

Independent Agency of the State

• A local, user-financed public agency
  • Financed through revenue bonds
  • Supported by user tolls
  • No tax funding
  • Tolls stay local
• Seven Member Board
  • 4 Appointed by Governor
  • Mayor (or Council Chair)
  • Hillsborough County Commissioner
  • FDOT District 7 Secretary
• Regional Capabilities
  • Hillsborough County
  • Adjacent Counties by Invitation
    • Interlocal Agreement(s) in Place with Pinellas County

[This slide contains three photos: an office building, a bridge over a body of water in a city center, and the inside of a traffic management center.]

Slide 3: THEA Strategic Overview

• Mission: Our mission is to provide safe, reliable, and financially-sustainable transportation services to the Tampa Bay region while reinvesting customer-based revenues back into the community.
• Vision: Our vision is to lead, partner, and implement safe, economically-sound, and innovative multi-modal transportation solutions for our Tampa Bay community.
• Provide THEA customers with the safest, most efficient drive possible.
• Advance Mobility Technology
• Promote Tampa Bay

Slide 4: Benefits of Connected Vehicle Communication

• Track Record
• Improves operational efficiency of the system
• “Security”
• “Safety”
• Ability for all residents to experience benefits of technology…

[This slide contains a graphic image that illustrates the benefits of connected vehicle communication. It displays a metro-style train, emergency vehicles, a passenger vehicle, and a bus, each surrounded by concentric circles and connected to each other by lines. Surrounding the graphic are five circles that contain the concepts listed above.]

Slide 5: Solving Real Problems - Pilot Deployment Issues and Applications Relationships

Location	Traffic Studies	Use Case/Need	Private Sector Input	CV Applications
REL at Twiggs Street Twiggs Street - Courthouse REL at Twiggs Street Meridian Avenue BRT-REL to Marion Street Channelside	→	Morning Backups Pedestrian Conflicts Pedestrian Safety Wrong Way Entries Traffic Progression BRT Optimization Trip Times Safety Streetcar/Auto/Ped/Bike Conflicts	→	V2V Safety: EEBL and FCW V2V Safety: Vehicle Turning in Front of Bus V2I Safety: Pedestrian in Signalized X-walk V2I Safety: Mobile Accessible Pedestrian Signal PED-SIG V2I Safety: IMA V2I Safety: End of Ramp Deceleration Mobility: I-Sig Mobility: TSP

Slide 6: Connected Vehicle Pilot Deployment Program

Program Goals

• Spur Early CV Tech Deployment
  • Wirelessly Connected Vehicles [graphic image of three connected vehicles]
  • Mobile Devices [graphic image of a pedestrian with a connected smartphone]
  • Infrastructure [graphic image of a building and a tower]
• Measure Deployment Benefits
  • Safety [graphic image of a work crew along a street]
  • Mobility [graphic image of a connected bus]
  • Environment [graphic image of a three connected cars with one connected to nearby infrastructure]
• Resolve Deployment Issues
  • Technical [graphic image of a tablet displaying an error message]
  • Institutional [graphic image of a person writing on a sheet of paper]
  • Financial [graphic image of paper currency and a piggy bank]

Pilot Sites

• ICF/Wyoming DOT [circular icon of a truck with weather and route info emanating from the hood]
• NYCDOT [circular icon that includes a pedestrian, a bus, an auto, and a taxi]
• Tama (THEA) [circular icon of a vehicle’s dashboard with a stopped traffic ahead warning display]

• Phase 1
  • (up to 12 months)
  • Concept Dev.
• Phase 2
  • (up to 20 months)
  • Design/Deploy/Test
• Phase 3
  • (minimum 18 months)
  • Maintain/Operate Pilot
• Routine Operations
  • (ongoing)
  • Post-Pilot Operations

Slide 7: Compartmented Study Areas - THEA Pilot Deployment Area

[This slide contains a map of the THEA Pilot Deployment Area in Tampa.]

Slide 8: Performance Measurement - Preparation

Work completed to support Performance Measurement and Evaluation

• CUTR Server setup (hourly uploads from RSUs)
• SQL Databases (CV and non-CV Data)
• SDC & ITS Public Data Hub data nightly upload
• Data parsing and analysis
• Participant misbehavior detection protocol
• Modeling and inference
• OBU vendor support to validate OBU Data Logs

[This slide contains a map of the THEA Pilot Deployment Area in Tampa showing the locations of roadside units (RSUs) and Basic Safety Messages (BSUs).]

Slide 9: Benefits - BSM and RSU: Study Area

• Some RSU receive more BSM than others
• Coverage of entire study area ensured

[This slide contains two images: (1) a vertical bar chart that compares the RSU ID to the BSM (in millions) and (2) a map of the THEA Pilot Deployment Area in Tampa showing a dot-density data visualization of the study area.]

Slide 10: Participant Recruitment

• Total of 1,028 On Board Units (OBU) installations
  • 1,006 are participants.
• Total of 780 participants actively coming to the study area (first two weeks of March 2019)
  • 77.5 percent participation rate
• Continuing support to troubleshoot, install, reinstall OBUs.

OBU Type	Count	Share
Participants	780	94.9
Bus	10	1.2
Trolley	7	0.9
City of Tampa	13	1.6
Friend of the Pilot	7	0.9
Total	817	99.4

[This slide contains a vertical bar graph of the Install Appointments from March 2018 to February 2019. A trend line shows the cumulative amount of Install Appointments.]

Slide 11: Connected Vehicle Applications

Application	Description
End of Ramp Deceleration Warning (ERDW)	Alerts driver approaching curve with speed safety warning
Emergency Electronic Brake Light (EEBL)	Enables broadcast to surrounding vehicles of severe braking
Forward Collision Warning (FCW)	Warns driver of impending collision ahead in same lane
Intersection Movement Assist (IMA)	Indicates unsafe (i.e., wrong way) entry into an intersection
Intelligent Traffic Signal System (I-SIG)	Adjusts signal timing for optimal flow along with PED-SIG and TSP
Pedestrian Collision Warning (PCW)	Warns driver of impending conflict with pedestrian
Transit Signal Priority (TSP)	Allows transit vehicle to request and receive priority at a traffic signal
Vehicle Turning Right in Front of a Transit Vehicle (VTRFTV)	Alerts transit vehicle driver that a car is attempting to turn right in front of the transit vehicle as well as the driver of the car.
Wrong Way Entry (WWE)	Warns driver of potential and actual Wrong Way travel direction

Slide 12: Morning Backups

• Forward Collision Warning (FCW)
• Emergency Electronic Brake Light (EEBL)
• End of Ramp Deceleration Warning (ERDW)

[This slide contains two images: (1) a background photo of a congested Tampa highway and (2) a map of the Tampa Pilot deployment area marked with Use Case 1 information: reversible express lanes are highlighted in pink.]

Slide 13: Wrong-Way Drivers

• Wrong-way Entry
• Intersection Movement Assist (IMA)
• MAP
• Signal Phasing and Timing (SPaT)

[This slide contains two images: (1) a background photo of a congested Tampa highway with a large overhead “Do Not Enter” sign and (2) a map of the Tampa Pilot deployment area marked with Use Case 2 information: reversible express lanes are highlighted in purple.]

Slide 14: Pedestrian Safety

• Pedestrian Collision Warning (PCW)

[This slide contains three images: (1) a background photo of a view from a crosswalk pavement along a busy street, (2) a driver’s point-of-view photo showing an alert in the vehicle’s rear view mirror warning the driver of the presence of a pedestrian in the upcoming crosswalk, and (3) a map of Tampa marked with the location of the Hillsborough County Courthouse.]

Slide 15: Transit Signal Priority

• Intelligent Traffic Signal System (I-SIG)
• Transit Signal Priority (TSP)
• Intersection Movement Assist (IMA)

[This slide contains a photo of a transit bus with a bike on its front bike rack.]

Slide 16: Streetcar Conflicts

• Vehicle Turning Right in Front of Transit Vehicle (VTRFTV)

[This slide contains a photo of a passenger vehicle turning right in front of a Ybor City streetcar.]

Slide 17: Traffic Progression

• Probe Data Enabled Traffic Monitoring
• Intelligent Traffic Signal System (I-SIG)
• Intersection Movement Assist (IMA)

[This slide contains a photo of a congested Tampa highway.]

Slide 18: Performance Measurement and Evaluation

THEA tasked the Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR):

• Perform overall performance measurement and evaluation
• Provide participant recruitment support
• Support Independent Evaluators
• USDOT data sharing
  • Secure Data Commons (SDC)
  • ITS Public Data Hub

[This slide contains the data and component flowchart for THEA’s pilot.]

Slide 19: Phase 3 Activities - 2019

• Finalize OBU Data Log over-the-air transfers
• Turn-on warnings to Treatment
• Support to participant sample refreshments
• Continue data collection, processing analysis and reporting
  • Finalize dashboard
  • Reporting to AOR designated US DOT entities
  • Internal team and stakeholders
  • SDC and ITS Public Data Hub
• Independent Evaluator Support
• System Impact Assessment

[This slide contains 3 images: (1) a photo of a rear-view mirror that is displaying a speed limit sign and a line of three passenger vehicles, (2) a photo of a rear-view mirror alerting the driver to brake ahead, and (3) a map that illustrates the act of deceleration.]

Slide 20: Data Generation

• Data collection Feb - Sep 23, 2018
  • 657 participants
  • 64,430 files
  • 146.8 GB of highly compressed data (uncompressed is 20+ times larger)
• Compiling comprehensive SQL database to process
  • BSM
  • SPaT
  • TIM
  • SSM
  • SRM
  • MMITTS
  • OBU Logs (in process)

[This slides contains a vertical bar graph that plots the amount of data (5GB to 60GB) collected for each of seven months. A trend line is overlaid the vertical bars.]

Slide 21: Benefits - Travel Data

• Average of 1.7 million BSM/day
• About 0.9 million BSM/RSU
• Weekday travel patterns with a.m. and p.m. peak periods
• Up to 270 participants per hour on average at a.m. peak hour

[This slide contains two images: (1) a vertical bar graph titled “September Data” that displays the number of participants (101-470) for fourteen days and (2) a vertical bar graph that displays the average number of participants for each of 24 hours in a weekday and for for each of 24 hours in a week.]

Slide 22: 2,500,000,000,000,000,000 | 2.5 Quintillion bytes EVERY DAY

Big Data

• 70B connected devices (2050)
• 2.8T sensors by 2019
• Autonomous Vehicles (L2)
  • 80+ processors;
  • 200+ sensors;
  • 100M+ lines of code (GM)

What kind of data are we creating?

• 20% Structured Data
  data governed by a relational table, like in a database
• 80% Unstructured Data
  everything else, including tweets, Facebook posts, network log files, photos, word documents, email, spreadsheets, cat memes, etc.

Where is data coming from? Every minute…

• Google processes more than 2 million search queries
• 72 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube
• Walmart processes almost 17,000 transactions
• Sprint processes more than 250,000 phone calls
• More than 100 million new emails are generated
• Individuals and organizations launch 571 new websites
• Facebook processes almost 350 GB of data
• Twitter users send out 277,000 tweets

[This slide contains an infographic. Its information is recreated above.]

Slide 23: Data Collection

Pre-Deployment Performance Data Collection

• CV Data
  • BSM
  • SPAT
  • TIM
  • MAP
  • MMITTS
  • SSM and SRM
  • OBU Logs
• Non-CV Data
  • Weather
  • Transit
  • Bluetooth
  • City of Tampa Centrax

[This slide contains two vertical graphs that are titled “CV Data:” (1) one that plots the number of files (~2,000 to ~30,000) and the size of those files (~1 GB to ~60 GB) per month from 2/18 to 1/19 and (2) one that plots the number of daily vehicles (~190 to ~560) against quantity of BSMs (~1M to ~2.8M).]

Slide 24: Preliminary Analysis

• RSU 2 - Twiggs and Meridian
  • 84% of participant vehicles captured daily
  • Coverage extends to Channelside Drive with transmission of up to 10 BSMs/second
• RSU 3 - Twiggs and Courthouse
  • 52% of participant vehicles captured daily
  • Coverage extends to Meridian and REL at 10 BSMs/second

[This slide contains two dot-density maps: (1) of RSU 2 - Twiggs and Meridian and (2) of RSU 3 - Twiggs and Courthouse.]

Slide 25: Benefits - BSM and Mobility

• RSU collected BSM allow generating mobility performance measures by Use Case
• Cluster analysis of events to spot areas prone to accidents

[This slide contains two images: (1) a map marked with red dots that shows the BSM Density along a road segment and (2) a Time-Series Heat Map of speeds from 6 A.M. to 10 A.M.]

Slide 26: Use Case 1 - Mobility Evaluation

[This slide contains two images: (1) a map marked with blue dots that shows the BSM Density along the REL to Meridian and Twiggs road segment and (2) a Speed Heat Map of that road segment for all twenty-four hours in a day.]

Slide 27: Use Case 1 - Mobility Evaluation

[This slide contains graphs that plot travel time in minutes for the A.M. peak and the P.M. peak.]

Slide 28: What we know now -

• Solidified Standards Earlier
• Obtain a Better Understanding of “Available” Applications’ Maturity
• Obtain a Better Understanding of Vendors’ Depth and Resources
• Device Certification Process From Vendors
• Complete Integration Testing Before Private Vehicle Installs Begin
• Identify the Need to Use Traditional ITS Devices as Part of Solution Earlier
• Contracting - Fixed Fee and “Experimental Sole Source” way to go
• Cross functional coordination is absolutely critical
• Importance of face to face progress meetings
• OBUS - DON’T DO IT!!! Hire auto professionals to manage! We need OEM coordination

Slide 29: Focus On What We Can Control - Infrastructure, Public Transportation, Safety

[This slide contains six images: (1) a photo of a data reception and transmission device, (2) a photo of a similar device mounted on a crossbar, (3) a photo of an in-service streetcar, (4) a photo of a transit bus with a bike mounted on its front, (5) a photo of traffic signals mounted on an overhead bar, marked with concentric circles radiating from the signals, signifying connectivity, and (6) a photo of a pedestrian at a crosswalk.]

Slide 30: Opportunities - Role of interoperability

ATC 5201/ATC5202 NEMA TS2/Model 2070L/LX 60 Hz Time base [image of a complicated electronic device]	USDOT V2I Hub ICD. → NTCIP 1202 v2 GET. → ← NTCIP 1201 v2 SET.	RSU GPS Time [image of a RSU device]	TIM → SPaT. → MAP. → ← BSM.	OBU Vehicles [image of a car]
Master Server RSU Management Application Agency Data Applications [image of a server]	← Siemens ICD. →		[image of a lightning bolt] DSRC SSM. → ← SRM.	OBU Bus & Streetcar [image of a bus]
Nomadic Device [image of a portable electronic device]	PSM. → [image of a lightning bolt] WiFi →

[This slide contains a Siemens Industry Inc. connectivity diagram that shows devices and the standards that the devices use to communicate between them. This information is reproduced in the table above.]

Slide 31: Data Flow to US DOT

Tampa CV Data flow to two USDOT Platforms:

1. ITS Public Data Hub. This platform hosts data available to the public and research community at large
   • BSM, SPAT, TIM
   • Automated nightly batch uploading
   • Data available since March 5, 2019
2. Secure Data Commons. This platform is restricted to UDOT analysist and independent evaluators.
   • BSM, SPAT, TIM
   • Data flowing nightly since Sep. 2018
   • OBU Logs starting April 2019

[This slide contains a screenshot of the USDOT’s ITS Data Hub website homepage.]

Slide 32: Can a Local Agency Prepare for Paradigm Shifting Technology?

• “Contract for CUTR study “Tampa Bay: An Automated Vehicle Catalyst?” (THEA Board action 6/24/13)
• THEA hosted multiple AV/CV Summits in Florida & to support the State’s initiatives
• Participating in FDOT’s Statewide initiative by being on working group, bring local and tolling perspective
• Actively marketed Test Bed
  • Audi was the first to test in Florida on facility the week of July 21, 2014
• USDOT CV Pilot
  • THEA lead the Tampa CV Pilot and paid all local matches to bring this technology to Tampa.
  • Created a public/private partnership team on US DOT Pilot Deployment
• Next Steps - How do we create transportation solutions?

Local agencies can lead initiatives that benefit customers, consistent with national and statewide initiatives.

[This slide contains a photo of a two-level highway with the Tampa skyline in the background.]

Slide 33: Connected Vehicle Pilot | Tampa

Tampa Hillsborough Expressway Authority

[This slide contains a background image of the skyline of Tampa, Florida behind the following logos: the Connected Vehicle Pilot Tampa, the U.S. DOT, FDOT, the City of Tampa, and the Hillsborough Area Regional Transit Authority.]

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